AMD Athlon 64 is a 64-bit microprocessor based on K8 architecture and designed for desktop computers. These microprocessors include all basic features of K8 micro-architecture, such as split 128 KB level 1 cache, exclusive 512 KB or 1 MB level 2 cache, AMD64 technology, Enhanced Virus Protection, and support for SSE2 instructions. SSE3 instruction set was added to all Athlon 64 processors with core revision E3 or later. To interface with memory and peripheral devices all Athlon 64 CPUs use integrated memory controller and one HyperTransport link instead of Front-Side Bus. Performance of the integrated memory controller and the HyperTransport link was gradually improved with introduction of new package and socket types:
754-pin package / Socket 754 processors - these processors include single-channel DDR SDRAM memory controller and one 800 MHz HyperTransport link.
939-pin package / Socket 939 - memory controller was upgraded to dual-channel controller, which provides twice as much memory bandwidth as compared to socket 754 - up to 6.4 GB/s depending on memory type. The frequency of HyperTransport link was increased to 1000 MHz.
940-pin package / Socket AM2 - this socket added support for DDR2 SDRAM memory, which effectively doubles memory bandwidth up to 12.8 GB/sec. Please note that 940-pin processors for socket AM2 are not compatible with older socket 940, even though both sockets have the same number of pin holes.
The Athlon 64 processors were manufactured using 0.13 micron, 0.09 micron and 0.065 micron technology.
754-pin package / Socket 754 processors - these processors include single-channel DDR SDRAM memory controller and one 800 MHz HyperTransport link.
939-pin package / Socket 939 - memory controller was upgraded to dual-channel controller, which provides twice as much memory bandwidth as compared to socket 754 - up to 6.4 GB/s depending on memory type. The frequency of HyperTransport link was increased to 1000 MHz.
940-pin package / Socket AM2 - this socket added support for DDR2 SDRAM memory, which effectively doubles memory bandwidth up to 12.8 GB/sec. Please note that 940-pin processors for socket AM2 are not compatible with older socket 940, even though both sockets have the same number of pin holes.
The Athlon 64 processors were manufactured using 0.13 micron, 0.09 micron and 0.065 micron technology.
AMD Athlon XP processor family is the successor to the Athlon CPU family. Palomino, the first Athlon XP core, had a few improvements over the previous Athlon core:
Full set of SSE instructions
Palomino core added a data prefetch mechanism.
Increased the size of the Translation Look-aside Buffer.
All Athlon XP Palomino CPUs had 266 MHz bus speed, and were manufactured using 0.18 micron technology.
Next revision of Athlon XP core, called Thoroughbred, was manufactured on newer 0.13 micron technology, and as a result, had smaller die size and lower power dissipation than the Palomino core. Bus speed of some Thoroughbred processors was increased to 333 MHz.
Bus speed of Athlon XP family was increased even further with the introduction of Barton core. In addition to faster bus speed the Barton core also had twice as much L2 cache memory - 512 KB. Athlon XP Barton CPUs were manufactured on the 0.13 micron process.
Thorton, the last Athlon XP core, was the same as the Barton core with L2 cache size slashed in half - from 512 KB to 256 KB.
Starting Athlon XP family, all AMD processors were marked with rated speed. Please see AMD Athlon XP identification page for relationship between rated speed and actual speed of AMD Athlon XP microprocessors.
Full set of SSE instructions
Palomino core added a data prefetch mechanism.
Increased the size of the Translation Look-aside Buffer.
All Athlon XP Palomino CPUs had 266 MHz bus speed, and were manufactured using 0.18 micron technology.
Next revision of Athlon XP core, called Thoroughbred, was manufactured on newer 0.13 micron technology, and as a result, had smaller die size and lower power dissipation than the Palomino core. Bus speed of some Thoroughbred processors was increased to 333 MHz.
Bus speed of Athlon XP family was increased even further with the introduction of Barton core. In addition to faster bus speed the Barton core also had twice as much L2 cache memory - 512 KB. Athlon XP Barton CPUs were manufactured on the 0.13 micron process.
Thorton, the last Athlon XP core, was the same as the Barton core with L2 cache size slashed in half - from 512 KB to 256 KB.
Starting Athlon XP family, all AMD processors were marked with rated speed. Please see AMD Athlon XP identification page for relationship between rated speed and actual speed of AMD Athlon XP microprocessors.
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